After the successful saga in Madagascar in 1999, then in the three countries of the East African Community (EAC) between 2004 and 2007, many challenges appear affordable for the managers of the BANK OF AFRICA (BOA) Group. It is therefore as a new challenge that the Board of Directors of the Group’s holding company took over the study of the project to set up a bank in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) at the end of 2007. The country is attractive for several reasons: it is gigantic both in terms of its demography and its natural wealth, and therefore offers a variety of opportunities for financial activities; its banking sector is not overcrowded, especially by international companies; its economic development has been penalized for many years by multiple political crises, but the prospect of stabilising this context has improved; finally, with a presence in the DRC, the Group would bring its two areas of establishment closer together and contribute to its ambition to bring them together one day. These assets more than compensate for the complexities of the local environment that persist and the known volatility of the local currency.
A first attempt was made in 2003 during negotiations with the Belgolaise group for the partial purchase of its African network. But its subsidiary in Kinshasa, the BCDC bank, appeared too large in relation to the resources of the BOA network at the time. The approach adopted for this second trial is the creation of a new institution and its gradual development. A team of two people flew from Nairobi in January 2008 to assess the feasibility of such an operation. One knows the country very well, which makes it easier to gather information and make contacts with the authorities and many potential partners and customers. Everywhere the welcome is favourable: the economy has progressed since our previous stays; opening to foreign investments has increased; BOA is now better known in the region and has institutional investors who may be interested in the project. A second exploratory mission mainly takes a precise look at the difficulties that would have to be managed: scarcity and high cost of the human resources required; very expensive prices of products and services essential for a bank; strong dollarization of the economy, which imposes a specific organization for the activities of financial institutions and their relations with customers; difficult choice of the location of the headquarters because of the few suitable buildings.
After these various observations, the conclusions are positive. The proposed application is unanimously approved by the BOA Group Board of Directors in April 2008. It provides for the creation of a new institution with a capital of 10 million USD, the minimum required by the Central Bank. The distribution of the capital of the future BANK OF AFRICA-DRC (BOA-DRC) is easily decided: the Group will hold 60% of it and two bilateral institutions already allied with BOA – the French Proparco and the Belgian BIO – will subscribe the rest. Built on this tough shareholding, the application for approval is submitted in May 2008. However, the usual administrative back-and-forth took nearly a year before being completed in April 2009
During this long wait, the teams hurried to the major projects. A beautiful site was first reserved in the city centre, in the La Gombé district: it will be purchased at the beginning of 2009, when our application for approval has progressed well, and the construction of the headquarters and the main branch will immediately be carried out at a forced march. Around mid-2009 the future bank recruited its staff, according to its highly selective formal procedures that had been tested for a long time: it’ll be not easy to identify the around 25 people who would make up the initial team. However, the method will be effective as always and the quality of the recruits, most of whom are young, will appear both in the success of their training and in the results that will then be obtained by the bank. For the rest, during the second half of 2009, all other preparations will be completed, despite a constrained environment, thanks to the practice acquired in the first 11 entities of the BOA network and the commitment of the technical assistance teams. As soon as the work on the headquarters was completed, the 12th BOA subsidiary opened its doors to the public in December, succeeding in its challenge of being operational by the end of 2009.
BOA-DRC is primarily turning to corporate customers, both national and foreign, as a result of the still very low level of banking penetration of non-civil servants. But this policy slows down the necessary growth of deposits that is essential to give the young entity a solid balance sheet structure. The Board of Directors and the bank’s management are therefore closely monitoring all the indicators and are gradually applying the appropriate corrective strategies. The bank was also immediately facing the constraints of an economy where more than 80% of transactions were carried out in dollars and where the value of the Congolese Franc was subject to many powerful variations: the learning curve was nevertheless fast and without any unpleasant surprises thanks to the now diversified experience of the BOA network and the ambition to meet the expectations of a growing customer base. Despite the determination of the managers and staff in Kinshasa and the permanent support of the whole Group, the rise of BOA-DRC is coming up against external factors. Thus, the banking environment has undergone an impressive widening in a few years due to the marked interest of the major African banks: some of the main institutions in French-speaking Central Africa, Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania, for example, have joined the Kinshasa market where about fifteen players are now licensed. In addition, to take into account the high inflation rates, the Central Bank enforced in 2016 a tripling of the paid-up share capital, still fixed in USD, to USD 30 million.
This tremendous competition and these financial requests will be, above all, for BOA-RDC and its teams, incentives for their fighting spirit, the continuous strengthening of the organization and the quality of the service offered, and the broadening of the range of products and innovations. The strategies carried out to conquer various audiences are attracting an ever wider and more multifaceted clientele, and are bringing the deposits expected for the increase in loans to companies and households. The Bank gradually set up its branches in Goma, in the East, then in Lumumbashi, a major economic centre, and extended its network to 7 branches in Kinshasa. The Group is responding to the authorities’ efforts to increase equity by subscribing to medium-term bonds to prepare for future capital increases. These development efforts are bearing fruit. BOA-DRC regularly improves its balance sheet and activity indicators to bring them up to the level of the wished standards. The acceleration in the growth of deposits and loans regularly strengthens the Bank’s weight and role in the country. At the end of 2023, the profits of the last few years confirmed its profitability and consolidated its equity. The recent entry of the DRC into the integrated economic space of the EAC, the opportunities offered by a population of more than 100 million inhabitants and a better organized exploitation of multiple natural resources, the actions of the authorities to create a more favorable environment for economic development, and the growing support of international institutions are concrete supports for a promising future of the national banking system at the service of the country. The achievement by BOA-RDC in 2025 of the new minimum capital of USD 50 million imposed by the Central Bank will allow it to participate fully and continue its path in a healthy way.
Happy birthday and happy new year 2025 to BOA-DRC and its teams! May the future be bright for them.
Paul Derreumaux
Article publié le 30/12/2024